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The analysis of the development trend of major metal materials in the world since the 1990s shows that the application of steel, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and other materials is declining or slowly increasing, while magnesium keeps increasing rapidly at the rate of more than 20% every year. The reason is that magnesium alloy is a light engineering metal material (the density of magnesium is 1.8, which is 2 / 3 of aluminum and 1 / 4 of steel) It has a series of advantages, such as light specific gravity, high specific strength and specific steel, good damping and machinability, good thermal conductivity, strong electromagnetic shielding ability, good vibration absorption and easy recovery. It meets the requirements of automobile industry for weight reduction, energy saving, environmental protection, high integration and lightweight miniaturization of communication electronic devices. It has been widely used in automobile and motorcycle industry and information industry It is widely used.
1¡¢ Application of magnesium alloy
It can reduce the weight and energy consumption of automobiles and motorcycles, improve the acceleration and braking performance of vehicles and motorcycles, reduce the driving vibration and noise, and improve the riding comfort by using magnesium alloy to manufacture the structure and moving parts of automobiles and motorcycles. Therefore, the application of magnesium alloy in automobile and motorcycle structural parts is a good material science means to improve the performance and technical content of automobile and motorcycle, and increase the market competitiveness of products.
Although the high mechanical properties of casting magnesium alloy are obviously lower than that of aluminum alloy, the forming process defects of magnesium alloy tend to be low and the forming ability is strong. Under the same process specification, the die castings of the two alloys have similar tensile properties. This characteristic not only lays a foundation for the wide application of magnesium alloy in motorcycles, but also reduces the pressure of component design.
Reducing energy consumption, improving energy utilization, reducing environmental pollution and saving the limited resources of the earth is a very important and urgent problem. Manufacturing and processing industry pay more and more attention to the lightweight of products in product design. Magnesium alloy has a series of unique advantages, such as light weight, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high corrosion resistance, good electromagnetic radiation resistance, good filling fluidity and renewable utilization, which makes its application in the fields of automobile, electronics, household appliances, communication, instrumentation and aerospace.
2¡¢ Current practical application and market situation
In recent years, countries around the world attach great importance to the research and development of magnesium alloys. Magnesium resources are regarded as an important strategic material in the 21st century, and the application and development of magnesium alloys in the fields of automobile, computer, communication and aerospace have been strengthened. Magnesium alloys have become the world's remarkable green environmental protection engineering materials, belonging to the sunrise industry in the 21st century There are five aspects. Among them, the consumption of the latter two aspects increased rapidly.
£¨1£© Additive elements of aluminum alloy
Magnesium is the main alloy element in aluminum alloy. The annual demand of magnesium in the world is about 160000 tons.
£¨2£© Magnesium sacrificial anode
As one of the effective methods to prevent metal corrosion, magnesium sacrificial anode is widely used in long-distance transportation of underground iron pipelines and oil tanks. At present, the annual market demand of magnesium alloy as sacrificial anode is 30000-40000 tons, and the annual growth rate is 20%.
£¨3£© Magnesium alloy for profiles
Magnesium alloy profiles and pipes used to be mainly used in aerospace and other cutting-edge or national defense fields. In recent years, due to the improvement of magnesium alloy production capacity and technical level, its production cost has dropped to the same extent as aluminum alloy, which greatly stimulates its application in civil fields, such as bicycle frame, wheelchair, rehabilitation and medical equipment and fitness equipment.
£¨4£© Magnesium alloys for automobiles and motorcycles
In the 1970s, many countries, especially developed countries, put forward more and more strict control on energy saving and exhaust emission of automobiles. From 1993 to 1994, European automobile manufacturers put forward the new concept of "3-liter gasoline car". The United States has put forward the cooperation plan of "PNGV" (a new generation of vehicles). The goal is to produce a 6-passenger bus that can consume 3 liters of fuel per 100 km, and more than 80% of the components of the vehicle can be recycled. These requirements force automobile manufacturers to adopt more high and new technologies to produce new generation vehicles with light production, less fuel consumption and environmental protection requirements. It is estimated that the weight of the car is reduced by 10%, and its fuel efficiency can be increased by 5%. 5%¡£ As a light metal structure material in practical application, magnesium plays an important role in automobile weight reduction and performance improvement.
The major automobile companies in the world have made magnesium alloy parts as an important development direction. In Europe and the United States, automobile manufacturers in various countries strive to use magnesium alloy parts as the leading symbol of their own vehicles. Volkswagen, Audi and Fiat automobile companies have used magnesium alloy one after another. In the next 7-8 years, magnesium used in European automobiles will account for 14% of the total magnesium consumption. It is expected that the magnesium consumption will increase by 15% in the future, reaching 200000 tons in 2005.
The United States, Europe, Japan and other developed countries have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out a number of large-scale joint research and development programs to study the use of magnesium alloy in automobile parts. These research and development plans promote the development of magnesium alloy application in automobile. At present, there are more than 60 kinds of magnesium alloy die-casting parts. For example, wheel hub, instrument panel, seat frame, gearbox housing, steering system, cylinder head, intake manifold and brake pedal bracket have been used and will be rapidly promoted in the near future. The door frame, large body parts, brace, engine box and oil chassis are being developed. Among them, the cars with air bags are starting to use magnesium alloy steering wheel, which can not only slow down heavy, but also reduce vibration. In case of accidental impact, magnesium alloy can absorb more energy, which is beneficial to ensure the safety of drivers.
In 2000, the output of automobiles and motorcycles in the world will reach 27 million and 15 million respectively. If the magnesium alloy for each automobile is 30 kg and the magnesium alloy for each motorcycle is kg, the annual consumption of magnesium for a single automobile will reach about 900000 tons, far exceeding the annual output of magnesium. As a further target for the exhibition in the future, the magnesium alloy consumption of each car and motorcycle can reach 100 and 15 kg, which will have a huge demand for magnesium alloy products.
£¨5£© Shell of electronic products
The large demand for magnesium alloy in automobile industry has promoted many breakthroughs in magnesium alloy production technology, and the use cost of magnesium alloy has also decreased significantly, which has promoted the application and development of magnesium alloy in computer, communication, instrumentation, household appliances, medical treatment, light industry and other industries. Among them, the rapid development of magnesium alloy application is electronic information, instrumentation industry.
Due to the development of digital technology, electronic and communication products are highly integrated, lightweight, light and in line with the requirements of environmental protection. Engineering plastics used to be the main material, but their strength can not be compared with metal. For example, magnesium alloy has excellent thin-walled properties, and its die casting thickness can reach 0.5mm-1mm, and maintain a certain strength, stiffness and crashworthiness, which is very conducive to the requirements of ultra-thin, ultra light and miniaturization of products. This is the engineering plastics, aluminum alloy can not achieve, in thin-walled, micro, anti-collision requirements, coupled with electromagnetic shielding, heat dissipation and environmental protection considerations, magnesium alloy has become the choice of manufacturers, in addition, magnesium alloy shell can make the product more luxurious and beautiful, which is incomparable with engineering plastics.
Shandong Linyi Bosi conductive materials Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the production of MMO flexible anode, conductive polymer flexible anode and titanium coated anode, mainly providing cathodic protection technology, engineering design, installation and technical services.